4/30/2024 0 Comments Zinc oxide for second degree burns![]() Thus, these silver-containing dressings aid in the fight against wound infections ( Tredget et al., 1998 Cuttle et al., 2007 Abboud et al., 2014). Silver-containing dressings such as Acticoat ®, Mepilex Ag ®, and Aquacel ® Ag have stronger antibacterial activity than silver sulfadiazine (SSD) cream, along with fewer adverse reactions and lower cost. Traditional dressings such as Vaseline™ gauze, silicone tablets, and paraffin dressings (e.g., Mepitel ®) are used commonly for daily care of burns. The dressing materials can be made into films, foams, composites, sprays, and gels depending on the requirement. Various types of dressings are available ( Figure 2). The development of specially treated xenografts needs major research.ĭressings are applied to cover burn wounds, promote epithelialization, prevent infection and mechanical trauma, keep wounds moist, and reduce pain. Nevertheless, natural xenografts often result in hypersensitivity, can spread zoonotic diseases, and are often rejected by the host. Xenografts are available from frogs, rabbits, dogs, and pigs. Xenotransplantation has a larger application space than that using autotransplantation, with more donors and larger available sizes. However, cadaveric skin grafts have disadvantages: a serious risk of transmission of infectious disease, rejection, as well as difficulties in obtaining and storing cadavers. Allografts are the optimum substance for the temporary sealing of large, life-threatening burns in cases with insufficient donor skin ( American Association of Tissue Bank, 2016). For burn patients with large burn areas and/or insufficient donor skin, temporary covering with allografts, xenografts, or skin substitutes is needed. For stable patients with small burn areas and a sufficient source of skin, autologous skin grafts of medium thickness are often used ( Hermans, 2014). Skin transplantation is a common method for closing burn wounds. An essential component of systemic therapy is fluid resuscitation, which should be started 30% TBSA) is related to fungal infection of wounds, which requires additional fungal examination and use of antifungal drugs ( Horvath et al., 2007). Emergency treatment of burns involves stabilizing the airway and supporting breathing. Initial assessment comprises: identification of respiratory distress and smoke-inhalation injury assessment of cardiovascular status and signs of shock identification of injury complications determination of burn severity. The systemic treatment of burn patients is divided into preliminary assessment, emergency treatment, fluid resuscitation, severe management, and infection prevention. Laser Doppler imaging is expected to be a powerful tool for evaluating burn depth ( Jaskille et al., 2009 Jaskille et al., 2010).īurn wounds. Clinically, it is difficult to judge the wounds of deep second- and third-degree burns. In general, large-area burns include mixed burns of different depths, and the depth of burns may change after the initial injury ( Hettiaratchy and Papini, 2004). ![]() Burns can also be evaluated based on TBSA by the nine-point method, and the Lund–Browder table can be used to measure the injured body surface area of the patient accurately ( Hettiaratchy and Dziewulski, 2004). Third-degree burns affect the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue ( Mertens et al., 1997). Deep second-degree burns affect the entire epidermis and dermis. Superficial second-degree burns affect the epidermis and dermis. First-degree burns affect the superficial layer of the epidermis. ![]() The three main risk factors of death for burn patients are old age, a non-superficial burn accounting for >40% of the total burn surface area (TBSA), and inhalation injury ( American Burn Association Burn, 2016).Įvaluation of burn patients involves two crucial parameters: wound depth and TBSA ( Burd and Yuen, 2005) ( Figure 1). Severe burns necessitate long-term hospitalization, which results in enormous nursing costs, and can be accompanied by a series of fatal complications (e.g., shock, electrolyte imbalance, respiratory failure, and wound infection). People who suffer severe burns may suffer from severe emotional distress, which can lead to mental illness. Thermal injury can be caused by heat, high-voltage electricity, or chemicals. Thermal injury is one of the most severe and complex forms of trauma, and one of the main causes of disability. ![]()
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